A tripcode is a neat little user-identity system that 2ch thought up, and has been extensively copied by every other anonymous board in existence. At its core, a tripcode is simply a way to authenticate that a user is who they say they are without a login system, or even record-keeping.
Here's the non-technical explanation: most imageboards allow one to attach a name to one's post; i.e. "anon". A code can then be attached to the end of this name, with a separating mark of some kind between them (usually # and ! are triggers for tripcodes). So, the string anon#tripcode translates to anon!3GqYIJ3Obs. The string 3GqYIJ3Obs is the result after tripcode has been hashed, spliced, and otherwise mangled by the board software.
Because this system is insecure (given a moderately powerful computer and some time, any tripcode can be brute-forced), secure tripcodes have also been invented. These are usually triggered by the presence of a second # or !. The reason that these are more secure is that they use a secret, board-specific salt for their generation, making their brute-forcing highly difficult and currently out of the realm of the desktop computer. They are not, however, "secure" in the strictest sense. Unfortunately, they are not portable; that is, they're different for every site, because the salts are different. For most users, however, regular tripcodes are plenty secure.
#tripcode | -> | !3GqYIJ3Obs
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anon#tripcode | -> | anon!3GqYIJ3Obs
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##tripcode | -> | !!yIk1wB2J*
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#tripcode#tripcode | -> | !3GqYIJ3Obs!!yIk1wB2J*
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*yIk1wB2J is what [1] generates; it will vary from site-to-site.
# | -> | !jPpg5.obl5
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#kami | -> | !yGAhoNiShI
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SovietRussia#deadjew | -> | SovietRussia!lM51PoudCg
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moot#faggot | -> | moot!Ep8pui8Vw2 - 4chan: results in an autoban.
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MODD#withtripcode | -> | MODD!5JrU4QOlH6
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#kami | -> | !yGAhoNiShI - This is an in-joke in Japan.
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Further reading:
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